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This page provides a bibliography of some important papers about online collaborative learning and its related areas. If there are others you'd like to see listed, please email details.

Authors:  A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K  

A

Aalst, J. V., & Hill, C. M. (2006). Activity theory as a framework for analysing knowledge building. Learning Environments Research, 9, 23-44.

Aalst, J. V., Kamimura, J., & Chan, C. K. (2005). Exploring collaborative aspects of knowledge building through collaborative summary notes. Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL2005).

Abrami, P. & Bures, E. M. (1996), Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning and Distance Education, The American Journal of Distance Education, 10(2), 37-42.

Alavi, M. (1994), Computer-mediated collaborative learning: an empirical evaluation, MIS Quarterly, 18(2), 159-174.

Alavi, M., Wheeler, B. C. & Valacich, J. S. (1995), Using IT to Reengineer Business Education: An Exploratory Investigation of Collaborative Telelearning, MIS Quarterly, 19(3), 293-312.

Anderson, T. D., & Garrison, D. R. (1998), Learning in a networked world: New roles and responsibilities  In C. C. Gibson (ed.), Distance Learners in Higher Education, Atwood, Madison, Wisconsin, 97-112.

Andriole, S. J., Lytle, R. H. & Monsanto, C. A. (1995), Asynchronous learning networks: Drexel's experience, The Journal of Technical Horizons in Education, 23(3), 97-102.

Andrusyszyn, M., & Davie, L. (1997). Facilitating reflection through interactive journal writing in an online graduate course: A qualitative study. Journal of Distance Education, 12(1), 103-126.

Anislie, N. (1998), Facilitated or Instructor-Led Online Learning - The Role of the Instructor, Journal of Instruction Delivery Systems, Spring, 1998.

Archer-Kath, J., Johnson, D. W. & Johnson, R. (1994), Individual versus group feedback in Cooperative Groups Journal of Social Psychology, 134(5), 681-694.

Arias, G.E., Eden, H., Fischer G., Gorman ., & Scharff E. (1999). Beyond Access: Informed Participation and Empowerment  In C. M. Hoadley and J. Roschelle (eds.), Proceedings of the Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 1999 Conference, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA. 20-32.

Arvaja, M., Hakkinen, P., Etelapelta, A., & Rasku-Puttonen, H. (In press). Social processes and knowledge building in project-based face-to-face and virtual interaction. In J. Bobry, Etelapelto, A., Hakkinen, P. (Ed.), Collaboration and learning in virtual environments . University of Jyvaskyla: Institute for Educational Research

Aytes, K. (1995). Comparing collaborative drawing tools and whiteboards: An analysis of the group process. Computer Supported Cooperative Work. 4, 51-71.

Azmitia, M. (1996), Peer Interactive Minds: developmental, theoretical, and methodological issues In P.B.Baltes & U.M Staudinger (eds.) Interactive Minds: Lifespan Perspectives on the Social Foundations of Cognition, Cambridge University Press, New York, 133-162.

Azmitia, M. & Montgomery, R. (1993), Friendship, transitive dialogues, and the development of scientific reasoning Social Development, 2(3), 202-221.

B

Bailey, M., Luetkehans, L. (2001) Practical Guidelines for Facilitating Team Activities in Web-based Training, in: Badrul Khan (ed.) Web-Based Training, Educational Technology Publications, New Jersey.

Baker, M. (1991), The Influence of Dialogue Processes on Students' Collaborative Generation of Explanations for Simple Physical Phenomena In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, Ill, 9-19.

Baker, M.J. (1995). Negotiation in Collaborative Problem-Solving Dialogues. In R.-J. Beun, M. J. Baker & M. Reiner (Eds.), Dialogue and Instruction : Modeling Interaction in Intelligent Tutoring Systems, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 39-55.

Baker, M. J. (1997). Structuring and scaffolding reflective interactions in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment. Invited Symposium on Tools and Interactions in Distributed Cognitive Systems. Proceedings of the European Conference for Research in Learning and Instruction. (Athens, August)

Baker, M. J., & Lund, K. (1997). Promoting reflective interactions in a computer supported collaborative learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 13, 175-193.

Baker, M. J. & Lund, K. (1996). Flexibly structuring the interaction in a CSCL environment. In P. Brna, A. Paiva & J. Self (Eds.), (1996). Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (Lisbon, Portugal, September 20-October 2), 401-407.

Baker, M.J. & Lund, K. (1997). Promoting reflective interactions in a computer-supported collaborative learning environment. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 13, 175-193.

Barfurth, M. A. (1995). Understanding the collaborative learning process in a technology rich environment: The case of children's disagreements. In J. L. Schnase & E. L. Cunnius (Eds.), (1995). Proceedings of the First International Conference on Collaborative Learning, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Bloomington, 8-13.

Bauwens, J., Hourcade, J. J. & Friend, M. (1989), Cooperative Teaching: A model for general and special education integration, In Remedial and Special Education, 10(2), 17-22.

Beckman, M. (1990), Collaborative Learning; Preparation for the workplace and democracy, In College Teaching, 38(4), 128-133.

Behrend, S., Singer, J. & Roschelle, J. (1988), A methodology for the analysis of collaborative learning in a physics microworld In ITS-88, Montreal, Universite de Montreal, 48-53.

Bereiter, C. (2002). Education and mind in the knowledge age. Mahwah: NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Bernard, R.M., Rojo de Rubalcava, B. & St-Pierre, D. (2000). Collaborative online distance learning: Issues for future practice and research. Distance Education, 21, 2, 260-277.

Bernard, R. M., & Lundgren-Cayrol, K. (2001). Computer conferencing: An environment for collaborative project-based learning in distance education. Educational Research and Evaluation, 7(2-3), 241-261.

Bielaczyc, K., & Collin, A. (1999), Learning communities in classrooms: A reconceptualization of educational practice, In C. M. Reigeluth (ed.), Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory, Vol. II, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ., 269-292.

Bielli, P., Renzi, S., Kumar, K. & Klobas, J. (1999), Collaborative work among students: Enrichment or frustration?  An experience from CEMS schools, Colloque In-Tele/In-Tele Conference, Strasbourg, 24-26 September 1998, Proceedings.

Bills, Conrad G. (1997), Effects of Structure and Interactivity on Internet-Based Instruction, Paper presented at the Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation and Education Conference, Orlando, Florida.

Bishop, L. & Levine, D. I. (1999), Computer-mediated communication as employee voice: A case study, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 52, 213-233.

Bodendorf, F. & Seitz, R. (1994), Learning flexible task management by computer supported tele- and teamwork, Proceedings of the 1994 ACM SIGCPR Conference, March 24-26 1994, Alexandria, Virginia.

Bodker, K. & Pederson, J.  (1991), Workplace cultures: Looking at artifacts, symbols, and practices In J. Greenbaum and M. Kyng (eds.) Design at work: Cooperative design of computer systems,  Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ., 121-136.

Boettcher, Judith V. (2006). How P2P Will Change Collaborative Learning. Campus Technology, 6/1/2006.

Bonamy, J., Charlier, B. & Saunders, M. (2001). 'Bridging tools' for change: Evaluating a collaborative learning network. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 17(3), 295-305.

Bonk, C., & Cunningham, D. (1998). Searching for learner-centered, constructivist, and sociocultural components of collaborative educational learning tools. In C. J. Bonk & K. S. King (Eds.), Electronic collaborators: Learner-centered technologies for literacy, apprenticeship, and discourse. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 25-50

Bonk, C. J., Daytner, K., Daytner, G., Dennen, V. & Malikowski, S. (1999), Online mentoring of preservice teachers with Web-based cases, conversations, and collaborations: Two years in review, Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual convention, Montreal.

Bonk, C. J. & Dennen, V. P. (1999), Teaching on the Web: With a little help from my pedagogical friends, In Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 11(1), 3-28.

Bonk, C. J. & King, K. S. (1998), Computer conferencing and collaborative writing tools: Starting a dialogue about student dialogue, In C. J. Bonk, and K. S. King (eds.), Electronic collaborators: Learner-centered technologies for literacy, apprenticeship, and discourse, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ.,  3-23.

Bonk, C. J. & Reynolds, T. H. (1997), Learner-centered web instruction for higher-order thinking, teamwork, and apprenticeship, In B. H. Khan (ed.) Web-based instruction, Educational Technology Publications, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Borsook, T. K. & Higginbotham, W. (1991), Interactivity: What is it and What can it do for Computer-Based Instruction, Educational Technology, 21(10), 11-17.

Bloomfild, P., Marx, R. & Soloway, E. (1996), Learning with Peers: From Small Group Cooperations To Collaborative Communities, Educational Researcher, November, 37-40. 

Blumenfeld, P. C., Soloway, E., Marx, R. W., Krajicik, J. S., Guzdial, M. & Palincsar, A. (1991), Lessons learned: A Collaborative model for helping teachers learn project-based instruction In Elementary School Journal, 94, 539-551.

Bricker, L. J., Rothenberg, A. I., Hutama, D. C. & Tanimoto, S. L. (1994), MultiIn: A Multi-user Input Architecture for Experiments in Cooperative Learning Technical Report Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, 1994. 

Brienne, D. & Goldman, S. V. (1988), Collaborative network activities for elementary earth science Classroom Computer Learning.

Brinck, T. & Gomez, L. M. (1992), A Collaborative Medium for the Support of Conversational Props In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Toronto, 171-178. 

Brown, A. L., Ash, D., Rutherford, M., Nakagawa, K., Gordon, A. & Campione, J. C. (1993), Distributed expertise in the classroom In G. Salomon (ed.) Distributed Cognitions,  Cambridge University Press, New York, 188-228. 

Brown, A. L. & Palinscar, A. S. (1989), Guided, Cooperative Learning and Individual Knowledge Acquisition In L. Resnick (ed.) Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honour of Robert Glaser, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ., 393-452. 

Brown, J. S., Collins, A. & Duguid, P. (1989), Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning Educational Researcher, 18(1), 32-42. 

Bruffee, K. (1983), Teaching writing through collaboration In C. Bouton and R. Garth (eds.) Learning in groups: New directions for teaching and learning, , Jossey-Bass, San Francisco CA, 23-29. 

Bruner, J. (1985), Vygotsky: a historical and conceptual perspective In J. V. Wertsch (ed.) Culture, Communication, and Cognition: Vygotskian perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K. 

C

Campos, M. (2004). A constructivist method for the analysis of networked cognitive communication and assessment of collaborative learning and knowledge building. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 8(2), 1-29.

Carroll, J. M. & Barrett, E. (eds.)., (1990), The Nurnberg Funnel: Designing Minimalist Instruction for Practical Computer Skill , Technical Communications, M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Mass. 

Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (1996), A Collaborative electronic classroom - An emerging teaching and learning environment, University in the 21 Century - Education in a Borderless World, Electronic publication, Singapore: British Council and IDP Education Australia.

Cecez-Kecmonovic, D. & Marjanovic, O. (1995), IT as a medium for social interaction, Proceedings of t he 6th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, ACIS, Perth, Australia, 597-612.

Chandler, H. E. (2001). The complexity of online groups: A case study of asynchronous distributed collaboration. ACM Journal of Computer Documentation, 25(1), 17-24.

Chen, Y.-j. (2001). Dimensions of transactional distance in the World Wide Web learning environment: A factor analysis. British Journal of Educational Technology, 32(4), 459-470.

Chi, M. T. H. & Bassok, M. (1989), Learning from Examples Via Self-Explanations In L. Resnick (ed.) Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honour of Robert Glaser,  Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ, 251-281. 

Chizhik, A. W. (1999), Can students work together equitably? An analysis of task effects in collaborative group work Social Psychology of Education, 3, 63–79.

Chizhik, A. W. (1998), Collaborative learning through high-level verbal interaction: From theory to practice The Clearing House, 72, 58–61.

Chizhik, A. W. (2001). Equity and status in group collaboration: Learning through explanation depends on task characteristics. Social Psychology of Education, 5, 179-200.

Christiansen, E., Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (1995). Making Distance Learning Collaborative. In Schnase, J.L., Cunnius, E.L.: Proceedings of CSCL'95, The First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 57-62 

Chung, J. (1991), Collaborative Learning Strategies: The design of instructional environments for the emerging new school Educational Technology, (December), 15-22. 

Clements, D. H. & Nastasi, B. K. (1992), The Role of Social Interaction in the Development of Higher-order Thinking in Logo Environments  In E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York, 229-247. 

Cohen, E. G. (1991), Finding Out/Descrubrimiento: Complex Instruction In Science Cooperative Learning 1, 30-31.

Cohen, E. G. (1994), Restructuring the classroom: Conditions for productive small groups, Review of Educational Research Spring 1994 vol 64 #1, 1-35.

Cohen, E. G. & Lotan, R. A. (1995), Producing equal-status interactions in the heterogeneous classroom American Educational Research Journal, 32, 99-120.

Cole, M. & Engeström, Y. (1993), A cultural-historical approach to distributed cognition In  G. Salomon (ed.) Distributed Cognitions, Cambridge University Press, New York, 1-46. 

Collier, K.G. (1980), Peer-Group Learning in Higher Education: The Development of Higher-Order Skills, Studies in Higher Education, 5(1), 55-62.

Collins, A. (1993), Design issues for learning environments In S. Vosniadou (ed.) Psychological and Educational Foundations of Technology-Based Education,  Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Collins, A., Brown, J. S. & Newman, S. E. (1989), Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the Crafts of Reading, Writing, and Mathematics  In  L. Resnick (ed.) Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 453-494. 

Collins, A. & Furguson, W. (1993), Epistemic forms and epistemic games: structures and strategies to guide inquiry Educational Psychologist, 28(1), 25-42.

Collis, B.  (1998), WWW-based environments for collaborative group work, Education and Information Technologies, 3, 231-245.

Collis, B. & Smith, C. (1997), Desktop multimedia environments to support collaborative distance learning, Instructional Science, 25, 433-462.

Cooney, D. H. (1998), Sharing aspects within Aspects: Real-time collaboration in the high school English classroom, In C. J. Bonk, and K. S. King (eds.), Electronic collaborators: Learner-centered technologies for literacy, apprenticeship and discourse, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ., 263-287. 

Cooper, J. (1995), Ten Reasons College Administrators Should Support Cooperative Learning In James Cooper (ed.) Cooperative Learning and College Teaching,  vol.6, no.1, Fall 1995.

Cooper, L. (1999), Anatomy of an Online Course, T.H.E. Journal, February.

Cramer, S. F. (1994) Assessing Effectiveness in the Collaborative Classroom., in  K. Bosworth and S. J. Hamilton, (eds.) New Directions for Teaching and Learning, no. 59. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco,  69-81.

Crook, C. (1997), Making hypertext lecture notes more interactive: undergraduate reactions, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 13, 236-244.

Crook, C. K. (1999), Computers in the community of classrooms, In K. Littleton and P. Light, (eds.) Learning with Computers: Analysing productive interaction, Routledge, London, 102-117.

Crook, C.K. (1995). On resourcing a concern for collaboration within peer interactions. Cognition and Instruction. 13(4), 541-547.

Crook, C.K. (1996). Resourcing collaboration among undergraduates - the place of information technology. Invited presentation at Conference of Learning Technology Dissemination Initiative, Stirling University, February.

Crook , C.K. (1998). Computers in the community of classrooms. In K. Littleton & P. Light (Eds.) Learning with computers: Analysing productive interaction. London: Routledge, 102-117.

Crook, C.K. (2000). Motivation and the ecology of collaborative learning. In R. Joiner, K. Littleton, D. Faulkner, and D. Miell (Eds.) Rethinking collaborative learning. London: Free Association Press. 161-178.

Crook, C.K. (2002). Deferring to resources: student collaborative talk mediated by computer-based versus traditional notes. Journal of Computer-Assisted Learning. 18(1), 64-76.

Crook, C.K. (2002). Virtual University: The learner's perspective. In K. Robbins and F. Webster (Eds.) The Virtual University?. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 105-125.

Crook, C.K. and Webster, D. (1998). Designing for informal undergraduate computer mediated communication, Active Learning. 7, 47-51.

Crook, C.K. and Barrowcliff, D. (2001). Ubiquitous computing on campus: Patterns of engagement by university students. International journal of human-computer interaction. 13(2), 245-258.

Cummings, R. (1985), Small Group Discussions and the Microcomputer Journal of Computer-Assisted Learning, (1985), 149-158. 

Cummings, J. A., Bonk, C. J., & Jacobs, F. R. (2002). Twenty-first century college syllabi: Options for online communication and interactivity. Internet and Higher Education, 5(1), 1-19.

Cuseo, J. B. (1997), Tips for students when forming learning teams: How to collaborate with peers to improve your academic performance  Cooperative Learning and College Teaching, 8(1), 7-9.

Cuthbert, A. J. (1999). Designs for collaborative learning environments: Can specialization encourage knowledge integration? In C. M. Hoadley and J. Roschelle (eds.), Proceedings of the Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 1999 Conference, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA. 117-126.

D

Dalton, D. W. (1990), The Effects of Cooperative Learning Strategies on Achievement and Attitudes During Interactive Video Journal of Computer-Based Instruction, 17(1), 8-16. 

Daradoumis T., Xhafa, F. and Marquès J.M. (2002). A Methodological Framework for Project-based Collaborative Learning in a Networked Environment. Accepted for publication in the International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-long Learning. Special Issue on “Collaborative Learning in Networked Environments”.

Davis, B. G. (1993),  Collaborative Learning Group Work and Study Teams. Chapter 18 in Tools for Teaching, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 147-158.

Davis, R. & Schlais, D. (2000) Learning and Technology: Distributed Collaborative Learning Using Real-World Cases  Journal of Educational Technology Systems, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2000.

de Corte, E., Linn, E., Mandl, H. & Verschaffel, L. (1992), Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving , NATO ASI Series; Series F, Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Deetz, S. (2003). Developing Critical Communication Theories for Collaboration, Fox, S. et. al. (Eds.), 3rd International Critical Management Studies Conference, Lancaster: Lancaster University

Del Marie Rysavy, S. & Sales, G. C. (1991), Cooperative learning in computer-based instruction Educational Technology, Research, and Development, 39(2), 70-79. 

Derry, S. J. (1992), Beyond symbolic processing: expanding horizons for educational psychology Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(4), 413-418. 

Derry, S. J. (1992), Metacognitive Models of Learning and Instructional Systems Design In M. Jones and P. H. Winne (eds.) Adaptive Learning Environments: Foundations and Frontiers, 257-286, Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

Dickson, W. P. & Vereen, M. A. (1984), Two Students at One Microcomputer Theory into Practice, 22(4), 296-300.

Diezmann, C. M., & Watters, J. J. (2001). The collaboration of mathematically gifted students on challenging tasks. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 25(1), 7-31.

Dillenbourg P. (1999) Introduction: What do you mean by “Collaborative Learning?” in P. Dillenbourg (ed). Collaborative Learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.

Dillenbourg, P., Baker, M.J., Blaye, A. & O'Malley, C. (1995). The evolution of research on collaborative learning. In E. Spada & P. Reimann (Eds.), Learning in Humans and Machines : Towards an Interdisciplinary Learning Science. Elsevier, Oxford, 189-211.

Dillenbourg, P. & Schneider, D. (1995). Mediating the mechanisms which make collaborative learning sometimes effective. International Journal of Educational Telecommunications. 1(2/3), 131-146.

Dillenbourg, P. & Traum, D. (1996). Grounding in multi-modal task-oriented collaboration. In P. Brna, A. Paiva & J. Self (Eds.), (1996). Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education,  415-425.

Dillenbourg, P. (1999). What do you mean by 'collaborative learning'? In P. Dillenbourg (Ed.), Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and computational approaches. Oxford: Elsevier, 1-19.

Dillon, C., Hengst, H. & Zoller, D. (1991), Instructional strategies and student involvement in distance education: A study of the Oklahoma Televised Instruction System American Journal of Distance Education, 6(1), 28-41.

Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (1995). Project Pedagogy as the Foundation for Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. In Collis, B; Davies, G (Eds), Innovative adult learning with innovative technologies. IFIP Tranactions A-61, North-Holland. 183-190.

diSessa, A. A. (1992), Images of Learning In E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York, 19-39.

Dix, A. (1997). Challenges for cooperative work on the Web: An analytical approach. Computer Supported Cooperative Work. 6, 135-156.

Duffy, T. M., Dueber, B. & Hawley, C. (1998), Critical thinking in a distributed environment: A pedagogical base for the design of conferencing systems, In C. J. Bonk and K. S. King (eds.), Electronic collaborators: Learner-centered technologies for literacy, apprenticeship, and discourse,  Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ., 51-78. 

Dykstra, E. A. & Carasik, R. P. (1991), Structure and support in cooperative environments: the Amsterdam Conversation Environment International journal of man-machine studies, 34(3), 419-434.

E

Economides, A.A. (2005). Collaborative Learning Evaluation (CLE) framework, WSEAS Transactions on Advances in Engineering Education, Issue 4, Vol. 2, 339-346, October 2005

Economides, A.A. (2005). Evaluation of collaborative learning systems, Proceedings of the 2005 WSEAS International Conference on Engineering Education, 169-175, WSEAS 2005.

Edwards, L. D. (1991), Children's Learning in a Computer Microworld for Transformation Geometry Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 22(2), 122-137. 

Ekstrom, D. N. & Sigurdsson, H. O. (2002). An international collaboration in nursing education viewed through the lens of critical social theory. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(7), 289-295.

Ellis, T. & Cohen, M. (2001). Integrating multimedia into a distance learning environment: is the game worth the candle? British Journal of Educational Technology, 32(4), 495-497.

Engestrom, Y. (1999). Expansive visibilization of work: An activity-theoretical perspective. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 8, 63-93.

Engestrom, Y. (1999). Innovative learning in work teams: Analyzing cycles of knowledge creation in practice. In Y. Engestrom, R. Miettinen & R. Punamaki (Eds.), Perspectives on activity theory: Cambridge University Press.

Engestrom, Y. (2001). Expansive learning at work: Toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization. Journal of Education and Work, 14(1), 133-155.

Ericsson, K. A. & Simon, H. A. (1993), Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports as Data (2 2), MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. 

F

Felder, R. M. and Brent, R. (1996), Navigating the Bumpy Road to Student-Centred Instruction, College Teaching, 44(2), 43-47. 

Felder, R. M. and Brent, R. (Spring 2001), FAQs-3. How can I get students to work in teams in a distance learning environment?, Chem. Engr. Education, 35(2), 102-103.

Fisher, M., & Coleman, B. (2001-2002). Collaborative online learning in virtual discussions. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 30(1), 3-17.

Fjuk, A. & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (1997). Articulation of Actions in Distributed Collaborative Learning. In Scandinavian Journal of Information Systems.

Fjuk, A. & Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. (1996). Problem Oriented Collaborative Distance Learning: Why so difficult? In Proceedings of IRIS 19, Gothenburg Studies in Informatics, Report 8, June 1996. 261-279.

Flynn, J. L. (1992), Cooperative learning and Gagne's events of instruction: A syncretic view, Educational Technology, 53-60.

Forman, E. A. & Cazden, C. B. (1985), Exploring Vygotskian Perspectives in Education: the cognitive value of peer interaction In J. V. Wertsch (ed.) Culture, Communication, and Cognition: Vygotskian perspectives,  Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

Forman, E. & Larreamendy-Joerns, J. (1995). Learning in the context of peer collaboration: A pluralistic perspective on goals and expertise. Cognition and Instruction. 13, 549-564.

Foyle, H. C., Lyman, L. & Thies, S. A. (1991), Cooperative Learning in the Early Childhood Classroom , NEA Early Childhood Education Series, National Education Association of the United States.

G

Gabbert, B., Johnson, D. W. & Johnson, R. (1986), Cooperative Learning, Group-to-individual transfer, process gain and the acquisition of cognitive reasoning stratagies In Journal of Psychology, 120(3), 265-278. 

Gale, S. (1994), Desktop Video Conferencing: Technical Advances and Evaluation Issues, In Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: The Multimedia and Networking Paradigm, Avebury Technical, Aldershot, England.

Gallini, J. & Helman, N. (1993), Coolaborative science learning in the virtual expanded classroom, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Associated, Atlanta.

Gifford, B. (1996), Mediated Learning: A New Model of Networked Instruction and Learning, Paper presented at the Educom '96 Information Technology: Transcending Traditional Boundaries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Gilbert, N. J., & Driscoll, M. P. (2002). Collaborative knowledge building: A case study. Educational Technology Research and Development, 50(1), 59-79.

Glaser, R. (1989), Expertise and Learning: How do We Think About Instructional Processes Now that We Have Discovered Knowledge Structures? In  D. Klahr and K. Kotovsky (ed.s) Complex information processing,  Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ., 269-282.

Glenn, P., Kooschmann, T. & Conlee, M. (1995), Theory sequences in a problem-based learning group: A case Study In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL '95), 139-142.

Goldman, S. V. (1992), Computer Resources for Supporting Student Conversations about Science Concepts SIGCUE Outlook, 21(3), 4-7.

Goldman, S. V. & Newman, D. (1992), Electronic Interactions: How Students and Teachers Organize Schooling Over the Wires Interactive Learning Environments, 2(1), 31-44. 

Gomez, L. M., Lochbaum, C. C. & Landauer, T. K. (1990), All the Right Words: Finding What You Want as a Function of Richness of Indexing Vocabulary Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 41(8), 547-559. 

Goodrum, D. A. & Knuth, R. A. (1991), Supporting Learning with Process Tools: Theory and Design Issues In Teaching Conference on Collaborative Learning in Higher Education,  Indiana University, Bloomington, IN., 147-163. 

Goodsell, A. (1992), Annotated Bibliography of Collaborative Learning In A. S. Goodsell, M. R. Maher & V. Tinto (eds.) Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education, National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, University Park, PA.  

Goodyear, P. (1992), The Provision of Tutorial Support for Learning with Computer-Based Simulations In  E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York, 391-409. 

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