Luff, P., Heath, C. & Greatbatch, D. (1992), Tasks-in-interaction: paper and screen based documentation in collaborative activity In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Toronto, 163-170. 

M

Maher, K. (1998), Inventing the Virtual Classroom, Interactivity Magazine, August 1998.

Manning, M. L. & Lucking, R. (1991), The what, why, and how of cooperative learning., In The Social Studies, May/June, 120-124.

Marjanovic, O., Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. & Bonner, R. (1995), Electronic collaborative classroom, ASCILITE'95 - Learning with technology, 306-312.

Martin, L. M. W. (1985), The Role of Social Interaction in Children's Problem-Solving Quarterly Newsletter of Laboratory of Comparative Human Cognition, 7(2), 40-45.

Mason, R. (1993), Designing collaborative work for online courses, In G. Davies and B. Samway, (ed.) (1993), Teleteaching: Proceedings of the IFIP third teleteaching conference, IFIP, North Holland.

Matthews, R. S. (1995), Collaborative Learning: Creating Knowledge with Students, In R. Menges & M Weimer (eds.), Teaching on solid Ground: Using Scholarship to Improve Practice, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Matthews R. S., Cooper J. L., Davidson N, & Hawkes, P. (1995), Building Bridges Between Cooperative and Collaborative Learning Cooperative Learning and College Teaching, James Cooper (ed.) vol.6, no.1, Fall 1995.

Matthews, R. S., Cooper J. L., Davidson N & Hawkes, P. (1995), Bridging the Gap Between Cooperative and Collaborative Learning, Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, vol. 6, no. 4.

Mattingly, R. M. & Vansickle, R. L. (1991),  Cooperative learning and achievement in social studies: Jigsaw II., In Social Education, 12(2), 392-395.

Mayadas, A. F. (1997), Online networks build time savings into employee education, HR Magazine, 42(10), 31-35. 

McAlpine, I. (2000). Collaborative learning online. Distance Education, 21(1), 66-80.

McAlpine, I., & Goddard, E. (2002). Collaborative learning in an online masters program. In P. Barker & S. Rebelsky (Eds.), Proceedings of Ed-Media 2002 World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, June 24-29, 2002; Denver, Colorado, USA, 1244-1250.

McConnell, D. (1997), Managing open learning in computer supported collaborative learning environments, Studies in Higher Education, 19(3), 341-358.

McConnell, D. (1999), Examining a collaborative assessment process in networked lifelong learning, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 15, 232-243.

McGee, M, K. & Mateyaschuk, J. (1999), Educating the Masses, InformationWeek Magazine, 15 February 1999.

McHenry, L. & Bozik, M. (1995), Communicating at a distance : A study of interaction in a distance education classroom, Communication Education, 44(4), 363-370.

McKeachie, W. J. (1999), Peer Learning, Collaborative Learning, Cooperative Learning. In Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research, and Theory for College and University Teachers, 10th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 158-166.

McLaren, B. M., Koedinger, K. R., Schneider, M., Harrer, A., & Bollen, L. (2004) Toward Cognitive Tutoring in a Collaborative, Web-Based Environment; Proc. of the Workshop of AHCW 04, Munich, Germany, July 2004.

McMullen, D. W., Goldbaum, H., Wolffe, R. & Sattler, J. (1998), Using asynchronous learning technology to make connections among faculty, students, and teachers, Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, 50th, New Orleans, LA.

Mergendoller, J. R. & Mitman, A.L., (1991), A look at cooperative learning, California Journal of Middle Grades Research, 1(1), 26-29.

Messer, D. & Light, P. (1991), The Role of Collaboration and Feedback in Children's Computer-based Learning Journal of Computer-assisted Learning, 7(2), 156-159. 

Mevarech, A. R. (1985), Cooperative master learning strategies, Paper presented at annual meeting American Educational Research Association, Chicago.

Michailidou, A. & Economides, A.A. (2002). Elearn: a collaborative educational virtual environment, Proceedings E-Learn 2002 World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare & Higher Education, AACE 2002, 690-697.

Miyake, N. (1986), Constructive interaction and the iterative process of understanding Cognitive Science, 1(10), 151-178. 

Moar, M., Spensley, F., O'Shea, T., Singer, R., Hennessey, S. & Scanlon, E. (1992), Two Uses of Computers in Science Teaching: Horizontal Motion Simulation and Simulation Building In E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (ed.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag,  New York, 429-443.

Moskowitz, J. M., Malvin, J. H., Schaeffer, G. A. & Schaps, E. (1983),  Evaluation of a cooperative learning strategy., In American Educational Research Journal, 20, 687-696.

Muhlenbrock, M. & Hoppe, H. U. (1999). Computer Supported Interaction Analysis of Group Problem Solving. In C. Hoadley & J. Rochelle (Eds.), Proceedings of 3rd Conference on CSCL. December 12-15, 1999.

N

Narayanan, N. H., Hmelo, C., Petrushin, V., Newstetter, W., Guzdial, M. & Koldner, J. L. (1995), Computational Support for Collaborative Learning through Generative Problem Solving, Paper presented at the CSCL conference 1995, Indiana University, Bloomington. 

Nelson, C. P., & Kim, M. K. (2001, Fall). Contradictions, appropriation, and transformation: An activity theory approach to L2 writing and classroom practices. Paper presented at the Texas Foreign Language Education Conference, University of Texas, Austin.

Newman, D. (1988), Sixth Graders and Shared Data: Designing a LAN environment to support collaborative work In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, Oregon, 291-305. 

Newman, D. (1990), Opportunities for research on the organizational impact of school computers Educational Researcher, 19(3), 8-13. 

Newman, D. & Goldman, S. (1988), Supporting school work groups with communication technology: The Earth Lab experiment Children's Environment Quarterly, 5(4). 

Newman, D., Goldman, S. V., Drienne, D., Jackson, I. & Magzamen, S. (1998), Computer mediation of collaborative science investigations, Journal of Educational Computer Research, 5, 151-166.

Ng, K. C. (2001). Using E-mail to Foster Collaboration in Distance Education. Open Learning, 16(2), 191-200.

Norman, K. L. (1998), Collabortive interactions in support of learning: Models, metaphors and management, In R. Hazemi, S. Hailes & S. Wilbur (eds.) The digital university: Reinventing the academy, Springer-Verlag.

Nunamaker, J. F., Deniis, A. R., Valacich, D. R., Vogel, D. R. & George, J. F. (1991), Electronic Meeting Systems to Support Group Work, Communications of the ACM, 34(7), 41-60.

Nyikos, M., & Hashimoto, R. (1997). Constructivist theory applied to collaborative learning in teacher education: in search of ZPD. The Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 506-517.

O

Oakley, B. (2003), It Takes Two to Tango, Journal of Student Centered Learning,  1(1), 19-28.

O'Donnell, A. M., & Dansereau, D. F. (1992), Scripted cooperation in student Dyads: A method for analysing and enhancing academic learning and performance. In Hertz-Lazarowitz, Miller (ed.) Interaction in Cooperative Groups, Cambridge University Press, NY.

O'Donnell, A. M., Dansereau, D. F., Rocklin, T. R., Lambiotte, I. G., Hythecker, V. I. & Larson, C.O. (1985), Cooperative writing: Direct effects and transfer, Written Communication v2, 307-315

O'Donnell, A. M., Dansereau, D. F., Hythecker, V. I., Hall, R. H., Skaggs, L. P., Lambiotte, J. G. & Young, M. D. (1988), Cooperative procedural learning: The effects of pre- vs distributed learning activities, Journal of Educational Psychology, v80, 161-171

Oliver, R. (2001). Exploring the development of critical thinking skills through a Web-supported problem-based learning environment. In J. Stephenson (Ed.). Teaching and learning online: Pedagogies for new technologies. London: Kogan Page, 98-111.

Oliver, R., Omari, A. & Herrington, J. (1998), Investigating implementation strategies for WWW computer-based learning environments, International Journal of Instructional Media, 25(2), 121-138.

Oliver, R., Omari, A. & Herrignton, J. (1998), Exploring student interactions in collaborative World Wide Web computer-base learning environments, Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 7(2/3), 263-287.

O'Malley, C. E. & Scanlon, E. (1990), Computer-supported collaborative learning: problem solving and distance education Computers & Education, 15(1-3), 127-136. 

O'Neill, D. K. & Gomez, L. M. (1994), The Collaboratory Notebook: a Networked Knowledge-Building Environment for Project Learning In Proceedings of Ed-Media, Vancouver, Canada. 

O'Shea, T., Taylor, J., Scanlon, E., Sellman, R., Clark, P. & Whitelock, D. (1991), Preliminary findings in computer-supported collaborative learning in physics In IEE Colloquium on 'CSCW: Some Fundamental Issues', London, U.K., IEE. 

P

Paavola, S., Lipponen, L., & Hakkarainen, K. (2002). Epistemological Foundations for CSCL: A Comparison of Three Models of Innovative Knowledge Communities. In G. Stahl (Ed.), Computer supported collaborative learning: Foundations for a CSCL community: Proceedings of the Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning 2002 conference. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 24-32.

Paiva, A. (1997). Learner modelling for collaborative learning environments. In B. du Boulay & R. Mizoguchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth World Conference in Artificial Intelligence in Education. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 215-222.

Pea, R. (1992), Augmenting the discourse of learning with computer-based learning environments In E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl and L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Pea, R. (1993), The Collaborative Visualization Project Comm ACM, 36(5), 60-63. 

Pea, R. & Gomez, L. (1992), Distributed multimedia learning environments: Why and how? Interactive Learning Environments, 1(2), 73-110. 

Pea, R. D. (1987), Integrating Human and Computer Intelligence In R. Pea and K. Sheingold (eds.) Mirrors of mind, Ablex, Norwood, NJ.,  128-146. 

Pea, R. D. (1993), Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education In G. Salomon (ed.) Distributed Cognitions, Cambridge University Press, New York,  47-87. 

Perkins, D. N. (1993), Creating a culture of thinking Educational Leadership, 51(3), 98-99. 

Perret-Clermont, A. N. (1980), Social interaction and cognitive development in children, European Monographs in Social Psychology, Academic Press, New York. 

Perrone, K. M., & Sedlacek, W. E. (2000). A comparison of group cohesiveness and client satisfaction in homogeneous and heterogeneous groups. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 25(3), 243-251.

Phillips, G. M., Santoro, G. M. & Kuehn, S. (1998), The Use of Computer-Mediated Communication in Training Students in Group Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Techniques, The American Journal of Distance Education, 2(1), 38-51.

Picard, D. (1996), The Future in Distance Training, Training, November 1996, s5 - s10.

Ploetzner R., Hoppe, H. U., Fehse, E., Nolte C. & Tewissen, F. (1996). Model-based Design of Activity Spaces for Collaborative Problem Solving and Learning. In P, Brna, A. Paiva & J. Self (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education. 372-378, Lisbon: Colibri.

Ploetzner R., Fehse, E., Hermann, F. & Kneser, C. (1997). Modelling the knowledge-based exchange of information during collaborative problem solving on the basis of deductive self-diagnosis. In B. du Boulay & R. Mizoguchi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Eighth World Conference in Artificial Intelligence in Education. IOS Press, Amsterdam, 215-222.

Polhemus, L. & Swan, K. (2002). Student roles in online learning communities: Navigating threaded discussions. In Barker, P. and Rebelsky, S. (Eds.) Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2002. Norfolk, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education.

Prochak, M. (1992), Groupware goes to school: New tools to promote group activity and learning, Technology & Learning, 12, 80-83.

Puntambekar, S. (1999). An integrated approach to individual and collaborative learning in a web-based learning environment  In C. M. Hoadley and J. Roschelle (eds.), Proceedings of the Computer Support for Collaborative Learning (CSCL) 1999 Conference, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA., 458-465.

Q

Quintero, A., Pierre, S. & Tassy, D. (2006). A collaborative learning environment architecture supporting quality of service.  Advanced Technology for Learning 2006 Issue 1 Vol 3.

R

Reimann, P. (1992), Modeling Active, Hypothesis-Driven Learning from Worked-out Examples In E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York, 129-148. 

Reinhard, R., Schweitzer, J., Volksen, G. & Weber, M. (1994), Computer supported cooperative work tools: Concepts and architecture, Computer, 27(5).

Repman, J. (1993), Collaborative, Computer-based Learning: Cognitive and Affective Outcomes Journal of Educational Computing Research, 9(2), 149-163. 

Repman, J. and Logan, S. (1996), Interactions at a Distance: Possible Barriers and Collaborative Solutions, TECHTRENDS, 35-38.

Resnick, L. (1988), Learning in school and out Educational Researcher, 16(9), 13-20. 

Resnick, L. (1989), Introduction to Knowing, Learning, and Instruction In L. Resnick (ed.) Knowing, Learning, and Instruction: Essays in Honour of Robert Glaser, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale NJ.,  1-24. 

Riel, M. (1995), Cross-classroom collaboration in global learning circles, In S. Star, (ed.), The Cultures of Computing, Oxford: Blackwell.

Riel, M. (1996). Cross-Classroom-Collaboration: Communication and Education. In T. Koschmann (Ed.), CSCL: Theory and practice of an emerging paradigm. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, New Jersey, 187-207.

Riel, M. (1995). Cross-classroom collaboration in global learning circles. In S. L. Star, (Ed), The Cultures of Computing. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers/The Sociological Review, 219-242.

Rodden, T. (1991), A survey of CSCW systems, Interacting With Computers, 3(3), 319-353.

Rodriguez Illera, J.L. (2001) Collaborative environments and task design in the university, Computers in Human Behaviour 17, 481-493.

Rodgers, C. (2002). Defining reflection: Another look at John Dewey and reflective thinking. Teachers College Record, 104(4), 842-866.

Rogers, R. (2001). Reflection in higher education: A concept analysis. Innovative Higher Education, 26(1), 37-57.

Rogoff, B. (1995). Observing sociocultural activity on three planes: Participatory appropriation, guided participation, and apprenticeship. In J. V. Wertsch, P. Del Rio & A. Alvarez (Eds.), Sociocultural studies of mind. New York: Cambridge University Press, 139-164.

Rohfeld & Heimstra, (1997, August), Cooperative groups on-line, Paper presented at the 11th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning, Madison, WI.

Ronteltap, F. & Eurelings, A. (2002). Activity and interaction of students in an electronic learning environment for problem-based learning. Distance Education, 23(1), 11-22.

Roschelle, J. (1990), Designing for conversations In AAAI Symposium on Computer-Based Environments for Learning and Teaching, American Association for Artificial Intelligence, Stanford, CA.

Roschelle, J. (1992), Learning by Collaborating: Convergent Conceptual Change The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(3), 235-276. 

Roschelle, J. (1992), What should collaborative technology be? A perspective from Dewey and situated learning SIGCUE Outlook, 21(3), 39-42. 

Roschelle, J. (1994), Designing for Cognitive Communication: Epistemic Fidelity or Mediating Collaborative Inquiry? Arachnet Electronic Journal on Virtual Culture, 2(2). 

Roschelle, J. (1995). Learning in interactive environments: Prior knowledge and new experience. In J.H. Falk, L.D. Dierking. Public institutions for personal learning: Establishing a research agenda. Washington, DC: American Association of Museums, 37-51.

Roschelle, J. (1996), Learning by collaborating: Convergent conceptual change, In T. Koschmann (ed.) CSCL: Theory and practice. Mahwah, NJ: LEA.

Roschelle, J. & Clancey, W. J. (1992), Learning as Social and Neural Educational Psychologist, 27(2), 435-453. 

Roschelle, J. & Mason, J. (1995). Sketching a multidisciplinary microworld: A collaborative exploration.in Boxer. In A.A. diSessa, C.M. Hoyles & R. Noss (Eds.), Computers and exploratory learning. New York: Springer. 289-304.

Roschelle, J. & Pea, R. D. (2002). A walk on the WILD side: How wireless handhelds may change computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). International Journal of Cognitive Technologies

Roschelle, J., Pea, R., Hoadley, C., Gordin, D., & Means, B. (2001). Changing how and what children learn in school with collaborative cognitive technologies. In M. Shields (Ed.), The Future of Children (Special issue on Children and Computer Technology, published by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, Los Altos, CA), Volume 10, Issue 2,  76-101.

Roschelle, J. & Teasley, S.D. (1995). The construction of shared knowledge in collaborative problem solving. In C. O'Malley (Ed.), Computer-supported collaborative learning. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Rowley, P. (1994), Collaborative Technology for Revolutionary Classroom Structures In National Educational Computing Conference, Boston. 

Rubin, l. & Hebert, C. (1998), Model for active learning: Collaborative peer teaching College Teaching, 46(1), 26-30.

Rueda, J. (1992), Collaborative learning in a large-scale computer conferencing system, In A. R. Kaye, (ed.) (1992), Collaborative Learning Through Computer Conferencing: The Najaden Papers, (NATO ASI Series F: Computer and Systems Sciences, Vol. 90), Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Rugelj, J. (1997). Computer Supported Group Work and Collaboration in Medicine. In I. Kononenko & T. Urbancic (Eds.), Computer-Aided Data Analysis in Medicine CADAM-97.  ISBN: 86-80023-28-0, 133-143.

Rugelj, J. (1997). Computer Supported Network Based Learning Environment for the Workplace. Proc. 3rd Intl. Conf. on Network Entities. Ancona, TT3.1-3.4.

Rugelj, J. (1998). Collaborative Virtual Environments for Problem Based Learning. Proc. 4th Intl. Conf. on Network Entities "Neties '98". Leeds, European Association for Telematic Applications, 113-116.

Rugelj, J. (2000), Collaborative Virtual Environments for Problem Based Learning, In G. Orange & D. Hobbs (eds.), International Perspectives on Tele-Education and Virtual Learning Environments, Ashgate, Aldershot, 140-155.

Rugelj, J. (2003).  Computer-Supported Network-Based Learning Environment for the Workplace. In C. Ghaoui (Ed.). Usability Evaluation of Online Learning Programs. Information Science Publishing, Hershey-London-Melbourne, ISBN  1-59140-105-4, 254-271.

Rugelj, J. & Svigelj, V. (1997). Computer Supported Multimedia Environment for the Support of Long-Distance Collaboration in Medicine. In Proc. IEEE Symp. on Computer Based Medical Systems. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California, ISBN 0-8186-7928-X, 215-220.

Ryan, C., & Koschmann, T. (1994), The Collaborative Learning Laboratory: A technology-enriched environment to support Problem-Based Learning, In Proceedings of the 1994 National Educational Computing Conference, 160-167.

S

Sage, S. M. (2000). The Learning and Teaching Experiences in an Online Problem-Based Learning Course. Paper presented at the American Education Research Association, New Orleans, LA (April 24-28).

Salomon, G. (1992), Effects with and of computers and the study of computer-based learning environments In E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York,  249-263. 

Salomon, G. (1992), What Does the Design of Effective CSCL Require and How Do We Study Its Effects? SIGCUE Outlook, 21(3), 62-68. 

Salomon, G., Perkins, K. D. N. & Globerson, T. (1991), Partners in cognition: Extending human intelligence with intelligent technologies Educational Researcher, 20(4), 2-9. 

Savarese, M. (1998), Collaborative learning in an upper-division university geobiology course Journal of Geoscience Education, 46(1), 61-66.

Saver, J. R., & Duffy, T. M. (1995), Problem based learning: An instructional Model and its constructivitist framework, Educational Technology, 35(5), 31-38.

Scardamalia, M. & Bereiter, C. (1992), An Architecture for Collaborative Knowledge Building In  E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York, 41-66. 

Scardamalia, M., Bereiter, C., Brett, C., Burtis, P., Calhoun, C. & Smith Lea, N. (1992), Educational applications of a networked communal database Interactive Learning Environments, 1(2), 45-71.

Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1994). Computer support for knowledge-building communities. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3, 265-283. 

Schlechter, T. M. (1990), The relative instructional efficiency of small group computer-based training, Journal of Educational Computing Research 6(3), 329-341.

Schoenfeld, A. H. (1991), On Mathematics as Sense-Making: An Informal Attack on the Unfortunate Divorce of Formal and Informal Mathematics In J. Voss, D. N. Perkins & J. Segal (eds.) Informal Reasoning and Education, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.,  311-343. 

Schrum, L. & Lamb, T. (1997), Computer networks as instructional and collaborative distance learning environments, Educational Technology, 37(4), 26-28.

Seaton, W. J. (1993), Computer-Mediated Communication and Student Self-Directed Learning Open Learning, ?(? (June)), 49-54.

Sharan, S. & Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (1980), A group-investigation method of cooperative learning in the classroom, Technical Report, University of Tel-Aviv, Tel-Aviv. 

Sharan, S. & Shachar, H. (1988), Language and Learning in the Cooperative Classroom , Recent Research in Psychology, Springer-Verlag, New York. 

Sheingold, K. (1987), The microcomputer as a symbolic medium In R. Pea and K. Sheingold (eds.) Mirrors of mind,  Ablex, Norwood, NJ., 198-210.  

Sherry, L., & Myers, K. M. M., (1996), The dynamics of collaborative design In Proceedings of the STC 43rd Annual Conference, Arlington VA: Society for Technical Communication, 199-204.

Shin-ike, K. (2006). An Analysis of Paired Collaborative Learning by Using the Collecting System of Conversation. Education and Technology Conference, Calgary, 2006.

Simmof S. (1999). Monitoring and Evaluation in Collaborative Learning Environments. In C. Hoadley & J. Rochelle (Eds). Proc. 3rd Conference on CSCL. Stanford, December 12-15, 1999.

Simmons, R. (1999), CL-NET: Computer supported collaborative learning networks in primary and secondary education, Paper presented at the Bi-annual conference of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (EARLI), August 24-28 1999, Gothenburg.

Singer, J., Behrend, S. D. & Roschelle, J. (1988), Children's Collaborative Use of a Computer Microworld In Proceedings of the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, Oregon, 271-281. 

Singh, G., & Whymark, G. (2006). Investigating the support of reflective activities by collaborative technologies: An activity theory based research model. Paper presented at the Transformational Tools for 21st Century Minds.

Slavin, R. E. (1978), Student Teams Achievement Divisions Journal of Research and Development in Education, 12 (June), 1978, 39-49.

Slavin, R. E. (1987), Cooperative learning: Student teams, Washington: National Educational Association.

Slavin, R. E. (1980), Cooperative learning, Review of Educational Research 50315-342.

Slavin, R. E. (1983), When does cooperative learning increase student achievement?, Psychological Bulletin, 94429-445

Slavin, R. E. (1992), When and why does cooperative learning increase Achievement? Theoretical and empirical perspectives.

Slavin, R. E. & Karweit, N. (1981), Cognitive and affective outcomes of an intensive student team learning experience, Journal of Experimental Education, 50, 29-35.

Slavin, R. E., Leavey, M. B., & Madden, N. A., (1984), Combining cooperative learning and individualized instructions: Effects of student mathematics achievement, attitudes and behaviors, Elementary School Journal, v84, 409-422.

Slavin, R. E. & Tanner, A.M. (1979), Effects of cooperative reward structures and individual accountability in productivity and learning, Journal of Educational Research v72 n5294-298.

Smith, B. L. & MacGregor, J. T. (1992), What is Collaborative Learning? In  A. S. Goodsell, M. R. Maher & V. Tinto (eds.) Collaborative Learning: A Sourcebook for Higher Education, National Center on Postsecondary Teaching, University Park, PA, 10-29. 

Smith, E. & Confrey, J. (1991), Understanding Collaborative Learning: Small Group Work on Contextual Problems Using a Multi-Representational Software Tool In Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL.

Smith, J. P., diSessa, A. A. & Roschelle, J. (1993), Misconceptions Reconceived: A Constructivist Analysis of Knowledge in Transition The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 3(2), 115-163.  

Soller A. & Lesgold A. (2000). Knowledge acquisition for adaptive collaborative learning environments. Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium: Learning How to Do Things. Cape Cod, MA.

Sorensen, E. K., Takle, E. S., Taber, M. R., Fils, D. (2001): CSCL: Structuring the Past, Present and Future Through Virtual Portfolios. To be published in Dirckinck-Holmfeld, L. & Fibiger, B. (eds.)(2002). Learning in Virtual Environments, 165-191.

Spurlin, J., Dansereau, D., Larson, C. & Books, L. (1984), Cooperative Learning Strategies in processing descriptive text: Effects of role and activity level on the learner In Cognition and Instruction, 1(4), 451-463.

Stahl, G. (2000). A model of collaborative knowledge-building. Paper presented at the Proceedings of Fourth International Conference of the Learning Sciences (ICLS 2000), Ann Arbor, MI.

Stahl, G. (2000). Perspectives on collaborative knowledge-building: Proposal to National Science Foundation program in Information Technology Research.

Stahl, G. (2001). Perspectives on collaboration: A micro-ethnographic study of computational perspectives in computer support for collaborative knowledge-building at a virtual biology laboratory. National Science Foundation program in Computers and Social Systems.

Stahl, G. (2003). Meaning and interpretation in collaboration. In B. Wasson, S. Ludvigsen & U. Hoppe (Eds.), Designing for change in networked environments. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 523-532.

Stahl, G. (2006). Group cognition: Computer support for building collaborative knowledge. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press.

Stepich, D. A., Ertmer, P. A., & Lane, M. M. (2001). Problem-solving in a case-based course: Strategies for facilitating coached expertise. Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(3), 53-69.

Susman, E. B., (1998), Cooperative Learning: A Review of the Factors That Increase The Effectiveness of Cooperative Computer-Based Instruction In the Journal of Educational Computing Research, 184 (4), 302-322.

Suthers, D. D., & Jones, D. G. (1997), An architecture for intelligent collaborative educational systems. In Proceedings of the 8th World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED'97), IOS Press, Kobe, August 1997, 55-62.

Suthers D., (1999). Effects of Alternate Representations of Evidential Relations on Collaborative Learning Discourse. In C. Hoaley & J. Rochelle (Eds). Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. Stanford, December 12-15, 1999.

Suthers D., & Hundhausen (2001). Learning by constructing collaborative representations: An empirical comparison of three alternatives. Proceedings of the European Conference on CSCL. Maastrict, The Netherlands, March 2001.

Suzuki, H. & Kato, H. (1993), AlgoBlock: a Tangible Programming Language - a tool for Collaborative Learning In Proceedings of the 4th European Logo Conference, Athens, Greece, 297-303. 

T

Tan, B. C. Y., Wei, K. K., Watson, R. T., Clapper, D. L. & McLean, E. R. (1998), Computer-Mediated Communication and Majority Influence: Assessing the Impact in an Individualistic and Collectivistic Culture, Management Science, 44(9), 1263-1278.

Talmage, H., Pascarella, E. T. & Ford, S. (1984), The influence of Cooperative learning strategies on teacher practices, student perceptions of the learning environment, and academic achievement. Paper presented at annual meeting American Educational Research Association, New Orleans.

Teasley, S. D. & Roschelle, J. (1993), Constructing a Joint Problem Space: The Computer as a Tool for Sharing Knowledge In S. Lajoie & S. Derry (eds.) Computers as Cognitive Tools, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ., 229-258. 

Teodoro, V. D. (1992), Direct Manipulation of Physical Concepts in a Computerized Exploratory Laboratory In E. de Corte, E. Linn, H. Mandl & L. Verschaffel (eds.) Computer-Based Learning Environments and Problem Solving, Springer-Verlag, New York,  445-464.

Tillema, H., & Van der Westhuizen, G. J. (2006). Knowledge construction in collaborative enquiry among teachers. Teachers & Teaching: Theory and Practice, 12(1), 51-67.

Tolmie, A. & Howe, C. J. (1994), Computer-directed group activity and the development of children's hypothesis-testing skills, In H. C. Foot, C. J. Howe, A. Anderson, A. Tolmie & D. Warden, (eds.), Group and Interactive Learning,  Southampton: Computational Mechanics Publications, 139-144.

Topping, K. (1992), Cooperative learning and peer tutoring : An overview, The Psychologist, 5, 151-161.

Towns, M. H. (1998), How do I get my students to work together? Getting cooperative learning started  Journal of Chemical Education, 75(1), 67-69.

Treadwell, T. & Ashcraft, D. (2005). Pedagogy for collaborative on-line research and learning: The CORAL model. National Society for Experiential Education Quarterly, 30, 1, 10-17.

Treleaven, L. & Cecez-Kecmanovic, D. (2001). Collaborative learning in a web-mediated environment: A study of communicative practices. Studies in Continuing Education, 23(2), 169-183.

Trentin, G. (2001), From Formal Training to Communities of Practice via Network-based Learning Educational Technology, Mar-Apr 2001, 5-14

Tschannen-Moran, M., Uline, C., Woolfolk Hoy, A. & Mackley, T. (2000),  Creating smarter schools through collaboration Journal of Educational Administration, 38, 247-271.

Turner, P., & Turner, S. (2001). Describing team work with activity theory. Cognition, Technology & Work, 3(3), 127-139.

V

Ventimiglia, L. M. (1994), Cooperative Learning at the College Level, The NEA Higher Education Journal, 5-30.

Vockell, E. L. (1989), Group Size for Computerized Instruction Educational Technology, 29(9), 30-32. 

Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind and society (Translated by A. Blunden and N. Schmolze). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

W

Warschauer, M. (1997), Computer-mediated collaborative learning: Theory and practice, The Modern Language Journal, 81(4), 470-480.

Weasonforth, D., Biesenbach-Lucas, S. & Meloni, C. (2002). Realizing constructivist objectives through collaborative technologies: threaded discussions. Language, Learning and Technology, 6(3), 58ff.

Webb, N. & Lewis, S. (1988), The Social Context of Learning In R. E. Mayer (ed.) Teaching and learning Computer Programming: Multiple Research Perspectives, Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.  

Webb, N.M. (1980), An analysis of group interaction and mathematical errors in heterogeneous ability groups, British Journal of Educational Psychology 50, 266-276.

Webb, N.M. (1982), Group composition, group interaction and achievement in small groups, J 74(4) Journal of Educational Psychology, 475-484.

Webb, N.M. (1982), Student Interaction and Learning in Small Groups Review of Educational Research, 52, 421-445. 

Webb, N.M. (1983), Predicting learning from student interaction: Defining the interaction variable, Educational Psychologist, v18, 33-41.

Webb, N.M. (1991), Task-related verbal interaction and mathematics learning in small groups, Journal of Research In Mathematics Education, v22, 366-389.

Webb, N.M. (1992), Testing a theoretical model of student interaction and learning in small groups, in Hertz-Lazarowitz & Miller (eds.), Interaction in Cooperative Groups, Cambridge University Press, NY.  102-119.

Webb, N. M., Nemer, K. M., Chizhik, A. W. & Sugrue, B. (1998), Equity issues in collaborative group assessment: Group composition and performance American Educational Research Journal, 35, 607–651.

Webb, N. M., & Palincsar, A. M. (1996). Group processes in the classroom. In D.C. Berliner & R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology  New York: Simon & Schuster, 841-873.

Wexelblat, A. (1993), The reality of cooperation: virtual reality and CSCW , In A. Wexelblat (ed.) (1993), Virtual Reality: Applications and explorations, Academic Press, Boston.

Whipple, W. R. (1987), Collaborative learning: Recognising it when we see it, Bulletin of the American Association of Higher Education, 40, 2, 3-7.

White, B. Y. (1993), Intermediate Abstractions and Causal Models: A Microworld-Based Approach to Science Education In AI-Ed 93, Edinburgh, 26-33. 

Whitelock, D., Taylor, J., O'Shea, T., Scanlon, E., Clark, P. & O'Malley, C. (1991), How Students Construct a Shared Understanding of Collisions in Newtonian Mechanics In Proceedings of the International Conference on the Learning Sciences, Evanston, Ill, 430-441. 

Whymark, G., & Hawkins, L. (2006). Using activity theory to provide rich descriptions of a collaborative learning exercise. In F. Burnstein & H. Linger (Eds.), The local and global in knowledge management - Why culture matters. Kew, Victoria, Australia: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 137-149.

Wild, M. & Braid, P. (1997). Children’s talk in cooperative groups. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning. 12, 216-231.

Wilison, D, L. (1996), Self-Paced Studies, Chronicle of Higher Education, 62 (Feb), A19 - A20.

Wilison, J, M. (1997), Distance Learning for Continuous Education, Educom Review, March/April.

Y

Yager, S., Johnson, D. W. & Johnson, R. (1985), Oral discussion groups-to-individual transfer and achievement in cooperative learning groups, Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(1), 60-66.

Yager, S., Johnson, R., Johnson, D. W. & Snider, B. (1985), The effect of cooperative and individualistic learning experiences on positive and negative cross-handicap relations Contemporary Educational Psychology, 10, 127-138.

Yager, S., Johnson, R., Johnson, D. W. & Snider, B. (1986), The impact of group processing on achievement in cooperative learning groups, The Journal of Social Psychology, 126(30), 369-397. 

Yamagata-Lynch, L. C. (2003). Using activity theory as an analytic lens for examining technology professional development in schools. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 10(2), 100-119.

Yaverbaum, G. J. & Ocker, R. (1998), Problem Solving in the Virtual Classroom:  A Study of Student Perceptions Related to Collaborative Learning Techniques, Paper presented at the Webnet 98 World Conference of the WWW, Internet and Intranet, Orlando, Florida.

Yelland, N.J. (1999). Would you rather a girl than me? An analysis of collaborative behaviour in a computer context. Australian Research in Early Childhood Education. 1, 141–152.

Yelland, N.J. (1995). Collaboration and Learning with LOGO: Does Gender Make a Difference? In Proceedings of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ‘95. October 17-20, Bloomington, In. 397-401.

Yukawa, J. (2006). Co-reflection in online learning: Collaborative critical thinking as narrative. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1(2), 203-228.